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How to convert

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Cooking Conversions
Accuracy in quantities is the key to the success of any recipe, especially in baking.

Where is it used?
In the kitchen for converting foreign recipes (e.g., US cups to ml) or for adjusting quantities.

Examples:
• 1 US Cup is about 240 ml.
• 1 tablespoon is 15 ml.
• 3 teaspoons equal 1 tablespoon.

Cooking conversions are the difference between a perfectly risen soufflé and a flat disappointment. Whether you're scaling a US recipe that uses cups and ounces or adapting a European recipe with grams, understanding the relationship between volume and weight measurements — and between US and metric systems — is essential for any home or professional cook.

Cooking measurements include both volume units (cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, mL) and weight units (grams, ounces). The US customary system uses cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, and fluid ounces — all volume units. The metric system uses mL and grams. Professional and European baking almost always uses weight (grams) for accuracy, since the same volume of flour can vary by 20-30% in mass depending on how it's packed.

Where is it used?

  • Home baking — US recipes use cups; European and professional recipes use grams.
  • Cooking liquids — Milk, water, oil measured in cups, mL, or fl oz; all interchangeable as volume.
  • Recipe scaling — Doubling or halving a recipe requires precise proportional conversion.
  • International recipes — Converting between US, metric, and Imperial (UK) systems for cross-cultural cooking.
  • Professional kitchens — Weight measurements (grams/kg) for consistency and reproducibility.

Common Conversion Mistakes

Using volume for dry ingredients when weight is needed

1 cup of all-purpose flour can weigh anywhere from 120 g to 160 g depending on how it's scooped. Spooned lightly = 120 g; packed tightly = 160 g. For reliable baking, weigh dry ingredients in grams.

Confusing US cups with metric cups

A US cup = 236.6 mL. A metric cup (Australia, Canada) = 250 mL. The difference is about 6% per cup — small for one cup, but for 4 cups it's nearly an extra ¼ cup. Always check whether a recipe uses US or metric cups.

Mistaking tablespoon and teaspoon abbreviations

Tbsp (or T) = tablespoon = 15 mL. tsp (or t) = teaspoon = 5 mL. A tablespoon is 3 teaspoons. Confusing these in a spice-heavy recipe can mean adding 3× too much or too little — ruining the dish.

Assuming UK and US measurements are identical

A UK tablespoon = 17.76 mL vs US tablespoon = 14.79 mL. A UK pint = 568 mL vs US pint = 473 mL. UK recipes from older cookbooks use imperial measures that differ significantly from their American equivalents.

Quick Reference Table

From To
1 US cup236.6 mL
1 metric cup250 mL
1 tablespoon (US)14.79 mL
1 teaspoon (US)4.93 mL
3 teaspoons1 tablespoon
16 tablespoons1 US cup
1 fluid oz (US)29.57 mL
1 US pint473 mL

Frequently Asked Questions

How many tablespoons are in a cup?

There are 16 tablespoons in 1 US cup (236.6 mL). Since 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons, 1 cup also equals 48 teaspoons. Half a cup = 8 tablespoons. Quarter cup = 4 tablespoons. These ratios make scaling recipes up or down much easier.

How do I convert cups to grams?

There's no single conversion — it depends on the ingredient. 1 cup of water = 240 g. 1 cup of flour ≈ 120-130 g. 1 cup of sugar ≈ 200 g. 1 cup of butter = 227 g. For accurate baking, use an ingredient-specific conversion chart or weigh directly on a kitchen scale.

What is a 'stick of butter'?

In the US, butter is sold in sticks of 4 oz / ½ cup / 113 g / 8 tablespoons. European and Australian butter is sold by weight (250g blocks), not sticks. When a US recipe says 'one stick of butter', that's 113 grams or ½ cup.

How do I convert Fahrenheit to Celsius for oven temperatures?

Use the formula: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9. Common oven conversions: 300°F = 149°C (low), 350°F = 177°C (moderate), 400°F = 204°C (hot), 450°F = 232°C (very hot). Fan-assisted ovens (convection) typically run 15-20°C hotter, so reduce the temperature or time when using fan mode.

Why do professional bakers use weight instead of volume?

Weight (grams) is far more precise than volume for dry ingredients. The density of flour, sugar, and cocoa powder varies based on humidity, settling, and scooping technique. Professional recipes are developed by weight for reproducibility — a recipe that always yields the same result regardless of who makes it, or where.

Sources & Standards

  • US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
  • The Joy of Cooking (Irma Rombauer)
  • King Arthur Baking Company — Ingredient Weight Chart

Reviewed by The Unit Hub Editorial Team · March 2026